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中国与他有不解之缘

——写在《戴高乐传》中文版出版之际



身着总统礼服的戴高乐将军。



钟沛璋



中国人知道戴高乐,是在第二次世界大战开始之时。当气焰嚣张的德国法西斯铁蹄践踏欧洲大陆时,诞生过女英雄贞德的法国,竟然也举起白旗,贝当政府与德国签订了投降的停战协议。1940年6月18日,伦敦的BBC广播电台响起了戴高乐将军的声音。他号召法兰西人民参加“自由的法兰西”的抵抗斗争,并向世界宣布:“无论发生什么情况,法兰西抵抗的火焰不应该熄灭,也决不会熄灭。”当时日本法西斯在东方已侵吞了半个中国。中国人民正进行着艰苦卓绝的抗日战争。戴高乐的声音,让中国人民感受到他是来自西方同一战线的知音。

战后,戴高乐曾隐居多年。当法国第四共和国因军事叛乱摇摇欲坠之际,戴高乐重返政坛力挽狂澜,制定了新宪法,缔造了第五共和国,在法国现代史上,翻开了崭新的一页。1966年2月,戴高乐宣布法国退出北约军事一体化组织,向世人展示了反对霸权主义,敢于向美国说“不”的倔强形象。

1964年,戴高乐力排众议,冲破西方反华势力封锁和台湾当局阻挠,在西方大国中率先同中国正式建交。这在当时是震撼世界的大事。美国政府曾为此照会法国,提出了强烈的抗议,声称这有损于“自由世界的利益”。法国政府复照进行了反驳。此后,戴高乐在爱丽舍宫举行有千人参加的记者招待会,向世界详尽说明法中建交的重大意义。戴高乐称颂中国是“一个伟大的民族”,有着“比记载的历史还要悠久”的历史,建立了“非常独特,非常深奥的文明”。“这个民族具有充分的勇气和才智”,“下决心无论如何都要奋发图强”。他强调:“中国本身的庞大、它的价值、它目前的需要和它将来的广阔前途使得它越来越受到全世界的关心和注意。”戴高乐在结束讲话时暗指美国说:“目前在观望的某些政府,迟早会觉得应该仿效法国。”后来的事实完全证实了戴高乐的预言。

戴高乐一生传奇无数。第一次世界大战中他曾在作战中受伤被俘,在德国战俘营中被囚两年零八个月,其间他6次越狱。1962年戴高乐作为共和国总统曾遭到极端分子的枪击,座车两个轮胎爆裂,车上留下14处弹痕,他却好像什么事情也没有发生过,旋即到机场去检阅仪仗队。人们尊敬戴高乐,不仅因为他是一位不屈的战士,还因为他有高贵的品格。当他辞去总统职务后,人们担心“将军靠什么生活呢?他没有钱。”军队负责发放退休金的部门找到戴高乐要一份履历表,以便让他领取过去所拖欠的薪水和补贴。戴高乐对此没有答复。有关方面又想让他过上“元帅生活”,有舒适的住所,不再为今后生活操心,也被他拒绝了。他选择了隐居乡间,回到科隆贝双教堂镇度过他的余生。1970年11月9日,戴高乐与世长辞,安葬在科隆贝教堂旁的小公墓里。在戴高乐的墓前曾经摆放过毛泽东主席和周恩来总理敬送的两个大花圈,这是中国人民对这位伟人的崇高敬意。

《大公报》著名记者朱启平随我国政府代表团赴法采访,曾专门到科隆贝双教堂镇瞻仰戴高乐墓。当他看到这位当年反法西斯联盟领导人之一、法国民族英雄、法国前总统的墓竟如此简朴,不禁思潮澎湃,写下了《伟大的平凡》一文。文中写道:“只觉得前面是一个新的境界,原来一个人的尊严、一个人的品德,是可以用那样简朴、平凡的安排来表达的。”

对于这位传奇性的西方政治家,人们一直盼望能看到一本有关他的最新和最详尽的传记。现在这个愿望终于可以实现了。法国著名新闻记者、评论作家、历史学家保尔—玛丽·德拉戈尔斯撰写的《戴高乐传》,已由法国史研究资深学者、翻译家曹松豪翻译,在商务印书馆出版。曹松豪先生为翻译这部长达130万字的巨著,前后花了两年多业余时间,三易其稿,精心完成。这对中国人更深入地了解戴高乐,推进中法关系的发展有着深远的意义。







《人民日报》 (2005年11月08日 第十六版)


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